Anthropology: Referencing

All written essays and assignments submitted by Rhodes University students to the Department of Anthropology must follow the Harvard Referencing Style

Paraphrasing is when you put an idea you got from someone else, in your own words. When paraphrasing, you do not have to use quotation marks but you must still put the reference next to the sentence. For example:

• Anthropologist David Graeber has recently argued that democratic practices, contrary to the traditional views of Western political scientists, did not originate in Athens, but from intercultural spaces, and that current forms of democratic practice are returning to those very interstitial spaces (Graeber 2007:365-367).

An organisation from the Internet:

• United Nations, 1998. Revision of the World Population Estimates and Projections. http://www.popin.org/pop1998/4.htm (date consulted 31/07/2010)

An author from the Internet:

• Schonteich, M. & Louw, A. 2001. Crime in South Africa: a country and cities profile. Occasional paper No 49. Institute for Security Studies. www.iss.co.za/Pubs/PAPERS/49/Paper%20049.html (date consulted 15/08/2010)

Newspaper report:

• 'Man Bites Dog'. City Press. Johannesburg, 11 September 2007:11.

If you copy words directly from another source, you must put the words between quotation marks and indicate the author's surname, the date of publication and the page on which the quote is found, in the sentence. For example:

• Graeber (2007:367) argues that democracy is "returning to the spaces in which it originated: the spaces in between".

A book with one author:

• Graeber, D. 2007. Possibilities: essays on hierarchy, rebellion, and desire. Oakland, California: AK Press.

A book with two authors:

• Douglas, M. & B. Isherwood. 1979. The world of goods: towards an anthropology of consumption. London: Routledge.

An edited book:

• Nugent, S. and C. Shore (eds). 2002. Elite cultures: anthropological perspectives. London: Routledge

A chapter in a book:

• Bossen, L. 1989. "Women and economic institutions". In Plattner, S. (ed) Economic anthropology. California: Stanford University Press.

A journal article:

• Mouch, B. 1980. 'Marxism and industrial clothing: modes of production'. British Journal of Sociology 16(4):237-248.

A thesis:

• Manona, C. 1988. "The drift from farms to towns". PhD Thesis. Grahamstown: Rhodes University.

An unpublished article:

• Nene, S. 1987. "Decision making and power relations within black families: a search for theory and research programme". Paper presented at ASSA Conference. University of Durban-Westville. July 1988.