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Research Support: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews & Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)

A Guide to assist Postgradtuate Students and Researchers know where to go for Research Support during their research journey at Rhodes University

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)

PRISMA is an evidence-based minimum set of items for reporting in systematic reviews and meta-analyses. PRISMA primarily focuses on the reporting of reviews evaluating the effects of interventions, but can also be used as a basis for reporting systematic reviews with objectives other than evaluating interventions (e.g. evaluating aetiology, prevalence, diagnosis or prognosis). 

Who should use PRISMA

  • Authors: PRISMA aims to help authors improve the reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
  • Journal Peer reviewers and editors: PRISMA may also be useful for critical appraisal of published systematic reviews, although it is not a quality assessment instrument to gauge the quality of a systematic review.

PRISMA extensions

Several extensions of the PRISMA Statement have been developed to facilitate the reporting of different types or aspects of systematic reviews. Please click on the relevant extension below for more information.

PRISMA Checklist

The PRISMA 2020 statement comprises a 27-item checklist addressing the introduction, methods, results and discussion sections of a systematic review report.

PDF logo PRISMA 2020 Checklist (PDF) Word logo PRISMA 2020 Checklist (Word)

The checklist can also be completed using a Shiny App available at https://prisma.shinyapps.io/checklist/

An expanded checklist, which comprises an abridged version of the reporting recommendations presented in the Explanation and Elaboration paper, with references and some examples removed, is also available.

PDF logo PRISMA 2020 Expanded Checklist (PDF)

For more information about citing and using PRISMA click here.

PRISMA Flow Diagram

The flow diagram depicts the flow of information through the different phases of a systematic review. It maps out the number of records identified, included and excluded, and the reasons for exclusions. Different templates are available depending on the type of review (new or updated) and sources used to identify studies.

Word logo PRISMA 2020 flow diagram for new systematic reviews which included searches of databases and registers only

Word logo PRISMA 2020 flow diagram for new systematic reviews which included searches of databases, registers and other sources

Word logo PRISMA 2020 flow diagram for updated systematic reviews which included searches of databases and registers only

Word logo PRISMA 2020 flow diagram for updated systematic reviews which included searches of databases, registers and other sources

Flow diagrams can also be generated using a Shiny App available at https://www.eshackathon.org/software/PRISMA2020.html

For more information about citing and using PRISMA click here.